The dispiriting saga at Christ Church, Oxford, is now entering its fifth year. If this were a school in Bootle or Basildon, there’s little doubt it would have been placed in special measures by now. Instead, Oxford’s grandest college – as financially well padded as it is socially well connected – has been left to fight its own messy internecine war without much official scrutiny.
So far.
Oxford colleges are fiercely independent institutions, run by their own governing bodies and genetically programmed to be suspicious of any interference by outside bodies. The college’s Visitor is the Queen – and no one to date has sought to embarrass Her Majesty by dragging her into the interminable row over whether it is right to spend eye-watering sums of money to dislodge its own dean, the Very Rev. Martyn Percy.
But there are signs that the leadership of the university, which until now has watched rather impotently from the sidelines, is now stirring itself to get involved. More worrying – for Christ Church and for other colleges in both Oxford and Cambridge – are the unmistakable signs that the Charity Commission, which since 2010 has been the ultimate regulator of the colleges, is flexing its considerable muscles.
The two actions may not be unrelated. For if the Charity Commission were to decide that the governance of such an august educational institution were not fit for purpose, what would be the implications for dozens of other colleges in Oxbridge – and maybe beyond?
The problem is simply put. The way Christ Church governs itself – a small group of so-called censors, answering to a huge “board” or governing body – doesn’t remotely match the guidelines outlined in a number of official and unofficial codes for how any other charity in the UK should operate. Here are some of them:
- Most charities are expected to operate with a board “of at least five but no more than twelve trustees”.
- Membership of most charity boards is supposed to be based on merit, judged against objective criteria after a skills audit.
- In most charities, trustees are appointed for an agreed length of time. It is considered generally undesirable for trustees to serve longer than nine years without a rigorous review and a note of explanation in the annual report.
- In most well-run charities, there is an annual review of their own performance, and an external evaluation every three years.
- Most charities think increasingly seriously about diversity of membership and publish a description of what steps they are taking to address diversity and accessibility issues.
- Most well-run charities believe in being transparent and accountable.
The challenge for the Charity Commission is that Christ Church – with its 65 trustees (or, as they are quaintly known, “students”) plus some former censors – doesn’t look remotely like a “normal” charity. Academics become de facto members of the governing body on appointment as a fellow. But while someone may be a brilliant biochemist, that has nothing to do with the skills necessary to oversee a charity. There are currently 62 around the table, with one vacancy, one in jail and one helping police with their enquiries into alleged papyrus theft.
While things ticked over reasonably well, the commission could turn a blind eye: “Oxford is Oxford: we do things differently” just about washed. But when things have gone so horribly, disastrously, excruciatingly wrong in Oxford’s grandest college, people have naturally asked why an immensely wealthy and elite institution has been able to disregard conventional instructions and guidance and govern itself as it sees fit. “One rule for them…”, as the current mantra goes.
Christ Church reacted to initial Charity Commission probings with a striking degree of insouciance. No, we can’t break down all the expenses we have incurred in hiring lawyers and expensive London PR firms to rid ourselves of the dean. No, we won’t give you unredacted minutes of our meetings. No, we won’t show you the legal advice we’ve received. No, we won’t give you all the details you want about how the money spent on getting rid of the dean was supervised, and by whom. No, we won’t give you all the documents you’ve asked for. And so on.
Imagine a charity in Bootle or Basildon treating their regulator in such a high-handed way. The commission’s response – to remind trustees that the penalties for incorrect, incomplete or misleading responses include fines or jail – suggests that patience is wearing thin. Christ Church has said it will be responding in due course. And, for the record, it believes not too much should be read into the commission’s warnings.
And then consider those who have been most active in agitating for the dean’s removal. One has been a trustee (predating the official charity status of the college) since 1987 – more than 34 years. Another looks to have clocked up more than 20 years (it is difficult to be precise: publicly available details are scarce). Another has notched up 31 years. A relative newcomer – but very influential – has been in position for 14 years.
Enough to raise an eyebrow in an average Bootle charity.
This steely behaviour from the regulator doubtless explains the unprecedented approach to the “students” of Christ Church from the vice-chancellor and chancellor of the university. They have no formal powers to intervene. But they will have been talking to other heads of house, most of whom preside over perfectly well-managed colleges and who fear that the ongoing shambles at Christ Church could have serious consequences for their own autonomy.
And then there is reputational damage to the university as a whole, given that few external observers make a distinction between the behaviour of an individual college and “Oxford” in general. The university has recently, under its outgoing vice-chancellor, Louise Richardson, begun to ditch its reputation for elitism and disdain for the conventions that apply to other institutions in higher education. How dismaying that one group of fellows in one college can generate so many destructive headlines over such a prolonged period.
Wherever your sympathies lie in the interminable blood-letting at Christ Church, it is difficult to deny that there has been a monumental failure of governance. How many millions of supposedly charitable funds have been spent on trying to dislodge the organisation’s leader? No one truly knows. How many more millions in donations have been withdrawn or withheld? The same. Could mediation have produced a different result? We don’t know – and the same is probably true of most trustees.
How many of these 65 trustees have asked why is it that when external eyes have independently considered the available evidence they have clearly found in favour of the dean? If they did, what answers did they receive?
How many trustees applied to read the closely guarded verdict of Sir Andrew Smith, an eminent high court judge, exonerating the dean – available to read, but kept under lock and key? How many questioned the considerable sums spent on more than one London PR company to promote the official narrative and blacken the dean’s name? Is that how charities are supposed to behave? Did any trustees query whether it was fair and reasonable that the dean should be denied his legal fees – even when he won? Is that how decent charities are run? How much have they been told of other regulatory probes into lawyers who have been engaged to represent the college?
The toll on the mental and physical health of the dean has been evident for all to see. Now the college is threatening to take him to yet another tribunal for not being resilient enough to run the college.
Is that how reasonable charities behave?
I should declare an interest. In November 2018, I met Martyn Percy at an official Oxford event. We barely knew each other, but he looked so thin and gaunt I worried he might be seriously ill. I tentatively asked after his health. Within a few days he cycled round to see me and told me a little of what had been going on. It seemed evident that he was receiving little support from his own colleagues: he had, in effect, been sent to Coventry.
Out of basic human goodwill, I offered moral support. This instinct to assist a colleague in trouble came to qualify me as being on Team Percy. This was considered a bad thing by some trustees of the charity that is Christ Church. One went to the trouble of ringing up a tabloid editor to try to smear me – before telling the same editor an outright, and hugely damaging, lie about his own dean.
So I got a tiny flavour of what it was like to have upset some trustees of this very powerful charity, which has more than £500m in the bank and isn’t afraid to use it.
The chancellor and vice-chancellor have discovered that they, too, will be in the firing line if they do dare to intervene. Leaked emails show trustees of this august educational charity recently conferring with expensive London PR consultants about the potential humiliating damage to the reputation of Richardson and chancellor Chris Patten (“a dinasour” [sic], scoffed one trustee) should they venture to meddle.
Think about that. The first instinct of an educational charity, asked for a meeting with its own chancellor and vice-chancellor, is to rush to an expensive West End PR agency (led by a former editor of the celebrity OK! magazine) for advice – and then discuss whether the damage to their leaders’ reputations could be terminal.
The latest steely intervention from the Charity Commission surely means that this four-year-old saga cannot continue in its opaque and profligate way. That is surely good news. But the longer-term implications for Oxford and Cambridge colleges may just be dawning.
Alan Rusbridger is editor of Prospect magazine. He was formerly editor-in-chief of The Guardian and principal of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.
