The Fulbright Scholar Program was the brainchild of Senator J. William Fulbright who, based on his experiences in the Second World War, proposed a bilateral international exchange programme for US and foreign scholars.
Ambitious in its aspirations, the Fulbright Program was conceived as one of the best ways to build a more peaceful world and mutual understanding between the people of the US and other countries.
The cornerstone of the Fulbright scholar experience is the cultural exchange that aims to develop empathy and create understanding. Fulbrighters interact with foreign colleagues on an individual basis in the classroom, laboratory, field, home, and in the patterns of daily life lived in a different culture. These experiences permit Fulbrighters to gain a deep appreciation of others’ viewpoints and beliefs, the way they do things and, most importantly, the way they think.
In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Fulbright Program was officially paused on 20 March. Thus, both student and faculty awardees from the 2019-2020 cohort had their missions abruptly ended and most have returned to the US with unfinished projects.
Given the suddenness of the announcement, some Fulbrighters experienced confusion over the costs of leaving, including booking suddenly scarce flights and reimbursements for housing expenses that had been prepaid. Upon returning to the US, some grantees also suffered from a loss of income from their stipends, unemployment, the unexpected need for housing, and interruption of health insurance.
Indeed, some Fulbrighters felt strongly that travelling put them in more danger than sheltering in place. This led some to experience stress-related issues including the fear that they might be unknowingly transmitting Covid-19 during and after their flights home.
Let’s be clear, many individuals are suffering far worse fates than Fulbrighters have experienced from the pandemic. But it should be noted that it takes a significant amount of time to plan and develop a good Fulbright application (typically 12 to 18 months) and then have it go through the six-month review process. This includes the creation of a convincing narrative, getting references, making contact with host institutions and then arranging for sabbaticals or time away from jobs.
If an applicant is successful, plans must also be made to accommodate their families, apply for visas, and undergo standard physical examinations.
Some Fulbrighters who had their missions disrupted expressed the view that they would have liked to have been given the opportunity to resume their work after the pandemic had passed in the form of a “make-up” grant. But whether this will be an option is unknown.
There is also a category of Fulbrighters who were about to leave for their missions this spring but have had their awards put on hold. If and when that hold will be lifted is uncertain. The status of awardees from foreign countries who are presently in the US is also unclear but some news reports indicate that many apparently are staying on and continuing their projects.
News reports also indicate that some disrupted Fulbrighters are continuing their research and teaching by operating remotely. However, in the future, it is difficult to conceive that this flagship exchange programme in the post-Covid-19 era can effectively morph into a telecommunicated distance experience that is devoid of the face-to-face contact that has been the core of the Fulbright experience.
So how might the Fulbright experience change after the coronavirus crisis? A hybrid model that includes an element of video conferencing combined with the traditional, in-country experience could be a routine, and even desirable, part of the programme’s future.
What is also likely to change is the length of stay (perhaps shorter stays will be preferred), more rigorous evaluations regarding the adequacy of healthcare in the host country, and greater monitoring and reporting of in-country political strife and health conditions.
There should also be more in-depth reviews of awardees’ medical status (both physical and emotional) prior to the acceptance of an award, and heightened post-award reporting and monitoring of their health status during and after a Fulbright stay.
Importantly, it would also be wise to have fully documented and transparent plans for major catastrophic events such that Fulbrighters would know precisely what the US State Department is and is not responsible for during a global emergency.
With such disruptive changes caused by the Covid-19 outbreak, it is hard to see clearly what the world will look like after the pandemic recedes. In the short term, reductions in student and faculty exchanges are likely. However, in the long term, higher education depends on globalisation, student and faculty mobility, internationalisation initiatives, collaborative research, and global knowledge networking.
One thing is sure: as the gold standard in international scholarly exchanges, we will need a flourishing, flexible and pandemic-prepared Fulbright Scholars Program providing future Fulbrighters with life-changing cultural and educational experiences that lead to better mutual understanding.
Famously, J. William Fulbright expressed the mission of the Fulbright Program as this: “to see the world as others see it”. Continuing that vision will help us to heal after this difficult time, move towards compassion for others who are different from us, and enable progress towards a more peaceful world.
Bruce B. Svare is professor of psychology and neuroscience at the State University of New York at Albany and former Fulbrighter to Thailand. Kevin F. F. Quigley is president of Marlboro College in Vermont and is also a former Fulbrighter to Thailand.
